Finland

Finland is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is Helsinki. Finland is the country of thousands of lakes and islands – 187,888 lakes (larger than 500 m²) and 179,584 islands. The majority of the islands are found in the southwest in the Archipelago Sea, part of the archipelago of the Aaland Islands, and along the southern coast in the Gulf of Finland. The landscape in Finland is mostly flat with few hills.

Greenland

Greenland is a member country of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is an island located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is politically and historically associated with Europe, specifically Iceland, Norway, and Denmark. However, physiographically and ethnically it is an Arctic island country, and geographically a part of the continent of North America. In 1979, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland, with a relationship described by the Rigsfaellesskabet, and in 2008 Greenland voted to become a separate country within the Kingdom of Denmark, effective June 2009.

Iceland

Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland, is an island located in the North Atlantic Ocean, just south of the Arctic Circle, between mainland Europe and Greenland. It has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km² which is about 1/3 larger than Scotland or Ireland. Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík. The highest peak, Hvannadalshnjúkur, rises to 2,119 m and over 11 per cent of the country is covered by glaciers, including Vatnajokull, the largest in Europe. The highland interior is uninhabited (and uninhabitable), and most centers of population are situated on the coast.

Norway

Norway is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east. The United Kingdom and the Faroe Islands lie to its west across the North Sea, and Denmark is south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barent Sea, is home to the famous fjords.

Sweden

Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy, in which King Carl XVI Gustaf is head of state, but royal power has long been limited to official and ceremonial functions.

Sweden is surrounded by Norway (west), Finland (northeast), the Skagerrak, Kattegat and Oresund straits (southwest) and the Baltic Sea (east). It has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (southwest) by the Oresund Bridge.